Oral Presentation Australian Freshwater Sciences Society Conference 2024

Avian influenza and other zoonoses in waterbirds of the Murray-Darling Basin: awareness, movements and risk (113244)

Heather M McGinness 1 , Anjana Karawita 2 , Berta Blanch-Lazaro 2 , Micha Jackson 1 , Luke Lloyd-Jones 3 , Freya Robinson 1 , Marcel Klaassen 4 , Roslyn Hickson 2
  1. CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  2. Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, CSIRO, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  3. CSIRO Data61, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  4. Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

Recent CSIRO research satellite-tracking the movements of aggregate-nesting waterbirds including ibis, spoonbills and egrets across eastern Australia has demonstrated that these species can move long distances rapidly, crossing SA, VIC, NSW, QLD, the NT, and beyond to Papua New Guinea in a matter of days or weeks. It has revealed the precise routes taken during these movements, including the timing and locations of departures, arrivals, stopovers and nesting. Satellite tracking has also demonstrated that these species frequently forage in agricultural lands, including piggeries, feedlots, dairies, grazing lands, irrigated crops and associated channels. These and other related waterbird species congregate and nest together in large numbers (thousands to tens of thousands at a time) in certain wetlands, often near or within agricultural, suburban and urban areas that have encroached on natural nesting areas. Consequently, the movements of these species both during and between nesting events explicitly link wetlands, waterbirds, domestic stock, and humans.  Many waterbird species are known to be susceptible to and carry zoonotic viruses such as avian influenza and Japanese encephalitis virus, which can have significant impacts on bird populations, stock, and human health. However, testing of ibis, spoonbills and egrets for such zoonoses in Australia has been limited to-date. With the expected arrival of high-pathogenicity avian influenza in Australia in the 2024 spring-summer, there is an urgent need for increased awareness in the freshwater ecology community of the potential impacts, movement paths and risks of such zoonoses. Here, we will discuss zoonoses in aggregate-nesting waterbirds, recent preliminary testing results, the potential implications of satellite-tracked waterbird movements, and options to reduce risk or predict outbreaks.